The Civil Right to Belong: A Case Study on Immigrant Integration of Muslim Students in Educational Institutions

Constitutional equal protection values serve as social integration policies for new Americans and generations that follow. They promise equal opportunity, fair treatment, protection from unlawful discrimination, and freedom to preserve cultural identities in their new communities. However, in times of national security crises and political polarization, the disjuncture in the way equal protection doctrines have been historically implemented often reflect deep-rooted inequities that impact underrepresented communities. American Muslims are one such community in which members have experienced anti-Muslim and anti-immigrant sentiment particularly after 9/11 and political polarization on immigration and civil rights policies. The study explores the equal protection doctrine as a mitigator to these challenges. Utilizing a mixed-methods case analysis, this study examined social integration experiences of Muslim students in public institutions of higher education and the impact of administrative civil rights practice on social integration. The study revealed that while educational institutions have started to administer civil rights through a more holistic lens of diversity, equity, and inclusion, Muslim students with diverse immigrant experiences continue to rely primarily on in-group student support systems to find a sense of belonging, valued identity, cultural citizenship, and sense of safety from anti-immigrant and anti-Muslim sentiment on campus. The study suggests that students’ lack of trust in institutional support systems is a primary factor that impedes cohesion between students and their institutions. The researcher proposes that civil rights administrators are bridge builders who through embedding systemic trust-building initiatives can lead their institutions to advance meaningful integration of students on campus

The Effects of Autophagy and Senescence on Sensitivity to Cisplatin in Head and Neck Cancer

While current treatments in cancer, such as chemotherapy and radiation, can generally be effective in eliminating disease in patients, there also exists the possibility of recurrence of cancer cells over time. In patients diagnosed with locally advanced head and neck carcinoma, about 50-60% develop a loco-regional recurrence within two years, and 20-30% of patients develop metastatic disease at distant sites in the body [5]. On a cellular level, one mechanism for this survival may be that natural mechanisms such as autophagy and senescence play a role in allowing cells to survive after undergoing treatment. One standard of care chemotherapy for head and neck cancer is cisplatin, which was used as the primary treatment in this project. HN12 cells (head and neck tumor cells; p53-null) showed significant growth arrest and decreased viability in response to 5 µM cisplatin treatment, but proliferative recovery over time. It was found that apoptosis did not play a significant role in this growth arrest, as assessed by annexin V/propidium iodide assays to measure apoptotic cell death. Additionally, cisplatin was shown to induce significant levels of autophagy in head and neck tumor cells with acridine orange staining and western blot analysis; however, pharmacological inhibition of autophagy with either chloroquine (5 µM), bafilomycin (5 nM), or 3-methyladenine (1 mM) did not sensitize cells to treatment with cisplatin, indicating a nonprotective role of autophagy. Additionally, HN12 cells showed significant levels of senescence, a form of cellular growth arrest, as indicated by beta-galactosidase upregulation, flattened morphology, and cell cycle arrest. Targeting of senescent cells with the senolytic ABT-263, a Bcl-2/Bcl-xl inhibitor, was effective in sensitizing cells to treatment with cisplatin, but cellular proliferation still occurred over time. Additionally, the HN30 cell line (p53 wild type) was compared to the HN12 line and experiments suggested that p53 status did not play a significant role in induction of autophagy or the sensitization to the senolytic, although more work needs to be done. Overall, these studies provide evidence that autophagy is nonprotective in the HN12 cell line in response to cisplatin treatment, and that senescence plays a role in allowing cells to survive over time. Further, ABT-263 is effective in targeting the remaining population of senescent cells after cisplatin treatment and may be a potential therapeutic mechanism in preventing the recurrence of head and neck cancers

The essential role of mitochondrial dynamics in antiviral immunity.

Viruses alter cellular physiology and function to establish cellular environment conducive for viral proliferation. Viral immune evasion is an essential aspect of viral persistence and proliferation. The multifaceted mitochondria play a central role in many cellular events such as metabolism, bioenergetics, cell death, and innate immune signaling. Recent findings accentuate that viruses regulate mitochondrial function and dynamics to facilitate viral proliferation. In this review, we will discuss how viruses exploit mitochondrial dynamics to modulate mitochondria-mediated antiviral innate immune response during infection. This review will provide new insight to understanding the virus-mediated alteration of mitochondrial dynamics and functions to perturb host antiviral immune signaling

Seroprevalence Of Hepatitis-b Virus In Mid And Far Western Region In Nepal

Hepatitis B is significant health problems that might involve the late sequel of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The present study aimed to know the seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in mid and far western region in Nepal with various clinical conditions.This was a retrospective study conducted in mid and far western region in Nepal, which was performed in the Central Laboratory of Microbiology at Nepalgunj Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Banke, Nepal during the period of September 2010 to April 2012. The serum samples were tested for Hepatitis B surface Antigen (HBsAg) by Sandwich immunoassay. Total 7010 patients including 43.72% male and 56.28% female were tested for HBsAg. Of them, 135 were positive and 6875 were negative.In 135 positive cases 84 (62.22%) were male and 51 (37.77% )were female. In 6875 negative cases 2981 were male and 3894 were female. The seroprevalence rate of HBV was 1.93% in mid and far western region in Nepal. Seroprevalence of HBV seems to be higher in male then the female; it was 2.75% in male and 1.29% in female.The study revealed that the seroprevalence of HBV was alarmingly higher in such a population, which probably reflects a high background prevalence of HBV infections should be taken into consideration and Implementation of community-based preventive measures and improved strategies for safe blood supply might prove useful to decrease the seroprevalence

Role of nano-SiO2 in germination of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum seeds Mill.)

AbstractAgricultural biotechnology is very familiar with the properties of nanomaterial and their potential uses. Therefore, the present experiment was conducted to test the beneficial effects of nanosilicon dioxide (nSiO2: size- 12nm) on the seed germination of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. cv Super Strain B). Application of nSiO2 significantly enhanced the characteristics of seed germination. Among the treatments, 8gL−1 of nSiO2 improved percent seed germination, mean germination time, seed germination index, seed vigour index, seedling fresh weight and dry weight. Therefore, it is very clear that nSiO2 has a significant impact on the seed germination potential. These findings could provide that alternative source for fertilizer that may improve sustainable agriculture

Central nervous system lymphomas: a histologic and immunophenotypic analysis

Objective: To observe the spectrum of non-Hodkin’s lymphomas involving the central nervous system including morphological subtypes and immunophenotypic status. Setting: Retrospective analysis of eleven years (1986 to 1996) data from surgical pathology files of Department of Pathology. Results: orty-three cases of non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas were diagnosed during the period of eleven years (from 1986 to 1996), all of which were diffuse types. A total of 1177 Central Nervous CNS biopsies were examined, out of which 937 cases were diagnosed as CNS neoplasms, the remaining were non-neoplastic in nature. Among 937 CNS neoplasms, 43 cases (4.6%) were reported as non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas. As most of the cases were outside referrals, the primary or secondary nature of the lymphomatous process could not he assessed. Seventeen cases were intracranial, while 26 cases were spinal in location. Majority of the intracranial Eymphomas were hiopsied from the cereherum (12 cases). Male to female ratio was 1:2. The median age for intracranial lvmphomas was 50 years and for spinal lymphomas 29 years. There were 16 cases (37%) of diffuse large cell lymphomas; 7 cases (16%) of diffuse mixed small and large cell lymphomas; 3 cases (7%) of diffuse large cell immunoblastic lvmphomas; 2 cases (4.6%) of lymphoblastic lymphomas and diffuse small non-cleaved cell lymphomas and one case of small Iyrnphocytic lymphoma and diffuse small cleaved cell Ivmphoma. One case of T cell rich B cell lvmphoma was also diagnosed in the thoracic spine as primary extranodal lymphoma. Eight cases were unclassifiable and in 2 cases the features were suggestive of lymphoma. Immunophenotypic analysis was performed in 20 cases, however, in 2 cases the results were inconclusive. Fifteen cases (83%) showed immunoreactivity for B cell markers and 3 cases showed T cell phenotype out of which one case was lymphoblastic lymphoma. Conclusion: CNS lymphomas were uncommon tumors and comprised 4.6% of the total CNS neoplasms in our study. Moreover, these CNS lymphomas accounted for 2.2% of the total non-Hodgkin’s lvmphomas, including both nodal and extranodal. There was a higher incidence of location of these lymphomas within the spinal cord than brain. Most of the lymphomas were of intermediate or high grade (75%) according to the working phenotype in 84% 3f the lymphomas, in which it was formulation. lmmunophenotypical status revealed B-cell teste